Author
Malcolm X
1 book · 4 sessions
Malcolm X (1925–1965), born Malcolm Little and later El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, was a minister and organiser of the Black freedom movement in the United States. He was the best-known spokesman of the Nation of Islam through the 1950s and early 1960s.
After breaking with the Nation of Islam in 1964 he founded the Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Organization of Afro-American Unity, and travelled in Africa and the Middle East to argue the case of Black Americans as a question of human rights. He was assassinated in Harlem in February 1965.
On the reading list
What the circle has read of theirs
- 01
By Any Means Necessary
Speeches, interviews, and letters from the last year of Malcolm X's life, gathered after his death, tracing his break from the Nation of Islam and his turn toward a Pan-Africanist, internationalist politics of Black liberation.
4 sessions